Pakistan

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(UBC-14): Gold-only data produced by statistic modelling:

Expected ASM population: 515,000 
Estimated ASM gold production: 8.9 t/a

(IIED-13): 400,000

(ILO-99): Employment: 90,000 - 370,000
Number of mines: 2,400 - 3,250
Illegal mines: 5% - 20%

Reference	Year	Citation
ARM-18	2018	Barreto, M.L.,Schein, P., Hinton, J., Hruschka, F. (2018): The Impact of Small-Scale Mining Operations on Economies and Livelihoods in Low- to Middle-Income Countries. ARM, Envigado, PACT, Westcombe.
IGF-18	2018	IGF (2018): Global Trends in Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining (ASM): A review of key numbers and issues. IIED/IISD, London, Winnipeg.
UBC-14	2014	Seccatore, J., Veiga, M., et al. (Univ. of British Columbia - UBC) (2014): An estimation of the artisanal small-scale production of gold in the world. Scitotenv. 496.
IIED-13	2013	Buxton, A. (2013): Responding to the challenge of artisanal and small-scale mining. How can knowledge networks help? IIED, London.
ILO-99	1999	Jennings, N. (1999): Social and labour issues in small-scale mines. Report for discussion at the Tripartite Meeting on Social and Labour Issues in Small-scale Mines. ILO, Geneva.

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