Pakistan
ASM Population: 515,000
Total: Given that ASM population already was 400,000 in 2013, and IGF-18 indicated up to 500,000 in 2018, it appears reasonable to estimate the ASM population according to UBC-14 with at least 515,000
Min/max: As no recent data is available, uncertainty (mainly upwards) is high. It appears reasonable to estimate 450,000 - 650,000
Female participation: Given the predominant islamic population in the ASM regions, female participation is estimated as not exceeding 5% → 25,000
Gold: no data. Predominant ASM commodities appear to be coal and gemstones. ASGM reportedly in Pamir and Hindus valley. Conservative gold miner estimation possibly 30,000 (?)
Data sources for estimation
2018: 450,000
(IGF-18): 400,000 - 500,000
2014: 515,000
(UBC-14): Gold-only data produced by statistic modelling:
Expected ASM population: 515,000 Estimated ASM gold production: 8.9 t/a
2013: 400,000
(IIED-13): 400,000
1999: 230,000
(ILO-99): Employment: 90,000 - 370,000
Number of mines: 2,400 - 3,250
Illegal mines: 5% - 20%
Publications
| Reference | Year | Citation | Archived Copy | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ARM-18 | 2018 | Barreto, M.L.,Schein, P., Hinton, J., Hruschka, F. (2018): The Impact of Small-Scale Mining Operations on Economies and Livelihoods in Low- to Middle-Income Countries. ARM, Envigado, PACT, Westcombe. | arm-18.pdf | responsiblemines.org/… |
| IGF-18 | 2018 | IGF (2018): Global Trends in Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining (ASM): A review of key numbers and issues. IIED/IISD, London, Winnipeg. | igf-18.pdf | iisd.org/… |
| UBC-14 | 2014 | Seccatore, J., Veiga, M., et al. (Univ. of British Columbia - UBC) (2014): An estimation of the artisanal small-scale production of gold in the world. Scitotenv. 496. | ubc-14.pdf | doi.org/… |
| IIED-13 | 2013 | Buxton, A. (2013): Responding to the challenge of artisanal and small-scale mining. How can knowledge networks help? IIED, London. | iied-13.pdf | pubs.iied.org/… |
| ILO-99 | 1999 | Jennings, N. (1999): Social and labour issues in small-scale mines. Report for discussion at the Tripartite Meeting on Social and Labour Issues in Small-scale Mines. ILO, Geneva. | ilo-99.pdf | ilo.org/… |
Further Materials
Videos:
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL39E9D54A2D831E2B
Articles:
https://pamirtimes.net/2017/11/10/breaking-taboos-shimshali-women-to-mine-gold/
Data section
| ASM DATA - Country Database Record | |
|---|---|
| Country Code | PAK |
| Country | Pakistan |
| ASM Status | Existing (data assessed) |
| Country Count | 1 |
| Data year | 2014 |
| Publ. year | 2018 |
| ASM Miners | 515,000 |
| - gold | 30 ,000 |
| Data curation | as reported |
| Inc. DevMin | some |
| - min. | 450,000 |
| - max. | 650,000 |
| - female | 25 ,000 |
| ASM Commodities | coal, gemstone, gold |