China
ASM Population: 9,000,000
Estimation follows data from MMSD-03 → 9,000,000.
Min/max: following MMSD-03, but with minimum set higher at 7M which seems more realistic than 3M. → 7-15 million
Female participation: no data. +25% does not appear unrealistic for China. → 2,500,000.
Gold: using data from UBC-14 → 2,750,000.
Data sources for estimation
2018: 9,000,000
ARM-18 and IGF-18 quoting data from IIED-13, which originate from MMSD-03
2014: 2,746,000
(UBC-14): Gold-only data produced by statistic modelling:
Expected ASM population: 2,746,000 Estimated ASM gold production: 48.2 t/a
2013: 9,000,000
(IIED-13): 3,000,000 - 15,000,000 (inherited from MMSD-03)
2003: 9,000,000
(MMSD-03): Estimate for MMSD research country: 3,000,000 - 15,000,000
MMSD study by A.J.Gunson and Y.Jian (http://pubs.iied.org/pdfs/G00719.pdf)
1999: 4,300,000
(ILO-99): Employment: 4,300,000
Number of mines: 250,000
Illegal mines: +/- 80%
Publications
| Reference | Year | Citation | Archived Copy | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ARM-18 | 2018 | Barreto, M.L.,Schein, P., Hinton, J., Hruschka, F. (2018): The Impact of Small-Scale Mining Operations on Economies and Livelihoods in Low- to Middle-Income Countries. ARM, Envigado, PACT, Westcombe. | arm-18.pdf | responsiblemines.org/… |
| IGF-18 | 2018 | IGF (2018): Global Trends in Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining (ASM): A review of key numbers and issues. IIED/IISD, London, Winnipeg. | igf-18.pdf | iisd.org/… |
| GMA-18 | 2018 | UNEP (2018): Global Mercury Assessment 2018. Technical Background Report E-Annex. Chapter 3.2. UNEP, Geneva. | gma-18.pdf | wedocs.unep.org/… |
| UBC-14 | 2014 | Seccatore, J., Veiga, M., et al. (Univ. of British Columbia - UBC) (2014): An estimation of the artisanal small-scale production of gold in the world. Scitotenv. 496. | ubc-14.pdf | doi.org/… |
| IIED-13 | 2013 | Buxton, A. (2013): Responding to the challenge of artisanal and small-scale mining. How can knowledge networks help? IIED, London. | iied-13.pdf | pubs.iied.org/… |
| MMSD-03 | 2003 | Hentschel, T., Hruschka, F., Priester, M. (2003): Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining - Challenges and Opportunities. MMSD (IIED), London. | mmsd-03.pdf | pubs.iied.org/… |
| ILO-99 | 1999 | Jennings, N. (1999): Social and labour issues in small-scale mines. Report for discussion at the Tripartite Meeting on Social and Labour Issues in Small-scale Mines. ILO, Geneva. | ilo-99.pdf | ilo.org/… |
Further Materials
Videos:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sa5T4PnIGdo&list=PLB5AB78DFD9948ACF
Articles:
| ASM DATA - Country Database Record | |
|---|---|
| Country Code | CHN |
| Country | China |
| ASM Status | Existing (data assessed) |
| Country Count | 1 |
| Data year | 2003 |
| Publ. year | 2018 |
| ASM Miners | 9,000,000 |
| - gold | 2 ,750 ,000 |
| Data curation | as reported |
| Inc. DevMin | some |
| - min. | 7,000,000 |
| - max. | 15,000,000 |
| - female | 2 ,500 ,000 |
| ASM Commodities | gold, 3T, coal, gemstone, jade |