Total: IGF-18, mainly based on UBC-14, and most likely extrapolating ILO-99 are the most recent data. → 55,000
Min/max: As data appears to be based on old estimates, uncertainty is considered high, particularly on the upwards side. → 50,000 - 75,000
Female participation: no data. Working hypothesis 10% → 6,000 (?)
Gold: As gemstone mining appears to be more important, ASGM population might be limited. → 20,000 (?)
(IGF-18): 50,000 - 60,000 (55,000)
(UBC-14): Gold-only data produced by statistic modelling:
Expected ASM population: 63,000 Estimated ASM gold production: 7.1 t/a
(ILO-99): Employment: 35,000 - 45,000
Number of mines: 500 - 600
Illegal mines: +/- 30%
| Reference | Year | Citation | Archived Copy | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ARM-18 | 2018 | Barreto, M.L.,Schein, P., Hinton, J., Hruschka, F. (2018): The Impact of Small-Scale Mining Operations on Economies and Livelihoods in Low- to Middle-Income Countries. ARM, Envigado, PACT, Westcombe. | arm-18.pdf | responsiblemines.org/… |
| IGF-18 | 2018 | IGF (2018): Global Trends in Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining (ASM): A review of key numbers and issues. IIED/IISD, London, Winnipeg. | igf-18.pdf | iisd.org/… |
| GMA-18 | 2018 | UNEP (2018): Global Mercury Assessment 2018. Technical Background Report E-Annex. Chapter 3.2. UNEP, Geneva. | gma-18.pdf | wedocs.unep.org/… |
| UBC-14 | 2014 | Seccatore, J., Veiga, M., et al. (Univ. of British Columbia - UBC) (2014): An estimation of the artisanal small-scale production of gold in the world. Scitotenv. 496. | ubc-14.pdf | doi.org/… |
| ILO-99 | 1999 | Jennings, N. (1999): Social and labour issues in small-scale mines. Report for discussion at the Tripartite Meeting on Social and Labour Issues in Small-scale Mines. ILO, Geneva. | ilo-99.pdf | ilo.org/… |
Videos:
Articles:
https://www.gia.edu/UK-EN/gems-gemology/wn13-long-gemstone-mining-vietnam
https://e.vnexpress.net/news/news/gold-rush-causes-pollution-concerns-at-abandoned-vietnamese-mine-3589970.html
| ASM DATA - Country Database Record | |
|---|---|
| Country Code | VNM |
| Country | Vietnam |
| ASM Status | Existing (data assessed) |
| Country Count | 1 |
| Data year | 2014 |
| Publ. year | 2018 |
| ASM Miners | 55,000 |
| - gold | 20 ,000 |
| Inc. DevMin | no |
| - min. | 50,000 |
| - max. | 75,000 |
| - female | 6 ,000 |
| ASM Commodities | gemstone, gold |