====== Venezuela ======

==== ASM Population: 300,000 ====
Total: Given the situation in Venezuela, estimations based on historic/statistic data, such as UBC-14 or IGF-18, are not anymore reliable. Investigative journalism data, 6 times as high, such as reported by Reuters in 2019 are believed to be more close to the reality -> **300,000** \\
Min/max: no data. a range of +/- 50,000 appears to be possible -> **250,000 - 350,000** \\
Female participation: no data. Possibly low in conditions of armed conflict. Working hypothesis 5% -> **15,000** \\
Gold: All data presumably refering to gold -> **300,000** \\

==== Data sources for estimation ====

===2019: 300,000 ===
https://www.crisisgroup.org/latin-america-caribbean/andes/venezuela/073-gold-and-grief-venezuelas-violent-south reports:
  Organised criminal networks and illegal armed groups have staked control over different parts of the region, where they command obedience in most of the mining towns and over an estimated 300,000 miners.
  (Quoted source of the ASM population figure is https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-gold-insight-idUSKCN1PZ0BX)

===2018: 50,000 ===
(IGF-18): 30,000 - 70,000

===2014: 48,000 ===
(UBC-14): Gold-only data produced by statistic modelling: \\
  Expected ASM population: 25,000 - 70,000 
  Estimated ASM gold production: 7 - 15.1 t/a

===2014: 15,000 === 
(SPDA-14): 15,000 \\
Data apparently for gold and "illegal" only.\\

===1999: 35,000 ===
(ILO-99): Employment: 30,000 - 40,000\\
Number of mines: n/a \\
Illegal mines: n/a \\
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==== Publications ====
---- struct table ----
schema: biblio
cols: Reference, Year, Citation, Archived Copy, Link
sort: ^Year
csv: 0
filter : Countries = Venezuela 
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==== Further Materials ====
Videos: \\
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLB5CDCB9338EFC453 \\
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Articles: \\
https://www.crisisgroup.org/latin-america-caribbean/andes/venezuela/073-gold-and-grief-venezuelas-violent-south \\
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-gold-insight-idUSKCN1PZ0BX \\
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