South Africa

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(IGF-18): Table 3

Directly working in ASM: 20,000
Estimated number of dependants: n/a
Main Minerals: Gold

(HIL-16):

Directly working in ASM: 20,000
Estimated number of dependants: n/a

(UBC-14): Gold-only data produced by statistic modelling:

Expected ASM population: 37,000 
Estimated ASM gold production: 17 t/a

(IIED-13): 10,000

(MMSD-03): Estimate for MMSD research country: 10,000
MMSD study by B.Drechsler (https://commdev.org/pdf/publications/Small-Scale-Mining-Development-SADC-Region.pdf)

(ILO-99): Employment: 10,000
Number of mines: 5,500
Illegal mines: n/a

Reference	Year	Citation
ARM-18	2018	Barreto, M.L.,Schein, P., Hinton, J., Hruschka, F. (2018): The Impact of Small-Scale Mining Operations on Economies and Livelihoods in Low- to Middle-Income Countries. ARM, Envigado, PACT, Westcombe.
IGF-18	2018	IGF (2018): Global Trends in Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining (ASM): A review of key numbers and issues. IIED/IISD, London, Winnipeg.
GMA-18	2018	UNEP (2018): Global Mercury Assessment 2018. Technical Background Report E-Annex. Chapter 3.2. UNEP, Geneva.
HIL-16	2016	Hilson, G. (2016): Artisanal and small-scale mining and agriculture: Exploring their links in rural sub-Saharan Africa. IIED, London.
UBC-14	2014	Seccatore, J., Veiga, M., et al. (Univ. of British Columbia - UBC) (2014): An estimation of the artisanal small-scale production of gold in the world. Scitotenv. 496.
IIED-13	2013	Buxton, A. (2013): Responding to the challenge of artisanal and small-scale mining. How can knowledge networks help? IIED, London.
MMSD-03	2003	Hentschel, T., Hruschka, F., Priester, M. (2003): Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining - Challenges and Opportunities. MMSD (IIED), London.
ITDG-01	2001	Dreschler, B. (2001): Small-scale Mining and Sustainable Development within the SADC Region. MMSD, ITDG, London
ILO-99	1999	Jennings, N. (1999): Social and labour issues in small-scale mines. Report for discussion at the Tripartite Meeting on Social and Labour Issues in Small-scale Mines. ILO, Geneva.

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