====== South Africa ======

==== ASM Population: 30,000 ====
Total: Latest data (IGF-18 after HIL-16 is 20,000. but it is not clear whether this includes the large number of Zama-Zama miners. A total closer to UBC-14 is considered mor realistic -> **30,000**. \\
Min/max: UBC-14 data as max -> **20,000 - 37,000** \\
Female participation: no data. Working hypothesis 15% -> **3,000** \\
Gold: All data presumably ASGM -> **30,000** \\

==== Data sources for estimation ====

===2018: 20,000 ===
(IGF-18): Table 3
  Directly working in ASM: 20,000
  Estimated number of dependants: n/a
  Main Minerals: Gold

===2016: 20,000 ===
(HIL-16): 
  Directly working in ASM: 20,000
  Estimated number of dependants: n/a

===2014: 37,000 ===
(UBC-14): Gold-only data produced by statistic modelling: \\
  Expected ASM population: 37,000 
  Estimated ASM gold production: 17 t/a

===2013: 10,000 === 
(IIED-13): 10,000 \\

===2003: 10,000 ===
(MMSD-03):  Estimate for MMSD research country: **10,000**\\
MMSD study by B.Drechsler (https://commdev.org/pdf/publications/Small-Scale-Mining-Development-SADC-Region.pdf)\\

===1999: 10,000 ===
(ILO-99): Employment: 10,000\\
Number of mines: 5,500\\
Illegal mines: n/a \\
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==== Publications ====
---- struct table ----
schema: biblio
cols: Reference, Year, Citation, Archived Copy, Link
sort: ^Year
csv: 0
filter : Countries = South Africa
----

==== Further Materials ====
Videos: \\
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLW0k64ZQOWlqij_WwjZgvl1uCQ4eWKkNw \\
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Articles: \\
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