Philippines

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(UBC-14): Gold-only data produced by statistic modelling:

Expected ASM population: 366,000 
Estimated ASM gold production: 28 t/a

(IIED-13): 185,400 – 300,000

(MMSD-03): Estimate for MMSD research country: 185,000
MMSD study by E.Bugnosen (http://pubs.iied.org/pdfs/G00732.pdf)

(ILO-99): Employment: 200,000
Number of mines: 700
Illegal mines: +/- 80%

Reference	Year	Citation
ARM-18	2018	Barreto, M.L.,Schein, P., Hinton, J., Hruschka, F. (2018): The Impact of Small-Scale Mining Operations on Economies and Livelihoods in Low- to Middle-Income Countries. ARM, Envigado, PACT, Westcombe.
IGF-18	2018	IGF (2018): Global Trends in Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining (ASM): A review of key numbers and issues. IIED/IISD, London, Winnipeg.
GMA-18	2018	UNEP (2018): Global Mercury Assessment 2018. Technical Background Report E-Annex. Chapter 3.2. UNEP, Geneva.
UBC-14	2014	Seccatore, J., Veiga, M., et al. (Univ. of British Columbia - UBC) (2014): An estimation of the artisanal small-scale production of gold in the world. Scitotenv. 496.
IIED-13	2013	Buxton, A. (2013): Responding to the challenge of artisanal and small-scale mining. How can knowledge networks help? IIED, London.
MMSD-03	2003	Hentschel, T., Hruschka, F., Priester, M. (2003): Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining - Challenges and Opportunities. MMSD (IIED), London.
ILO-99	1999	Jennings, N. (1999): Social and labour issues in small-scale mines. Report for discussion at the Tripartite Meeting on Social and Labour Issues in Small-scale Mines. ILO, Geneva.

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