====== Pakistan ======

==== ASM Population: 515,000 ====
Total: Given that ASM population already was 400,000 in 2013, and IGF-18 indicated up to 500,000 in 2018, it appears reasonable to estimate the ASM population according to UBC-14 with at least **515,000** \\
Min/max: As no recent data is available, uncertainty (mainly upwards) is high. It appears reasonable to estimate **450,000 - 650,000** \\
Female participation: Given the predominant islamic population in the ASM regions, female participation is estimated as not exceeding 5% -> **25,000** \\
Gold: no data. Predominant ASM commodities appear to be coal and gemstones. ASGM reportedly in Pamir and Hindus valley. Conservative gold miner estimation possibly **30,000** (?)\\

==== Data sources for estimation ====

===2018: 450,000 ===
(IGF-18): 400,000 - 500,000 \\

===2014: 515,000 ===
(UBC-14): Gold-only data produced by statistic modelling: \\
  Expected ASM population: 515,000 
  Estimated ASM gold production: 8.9 t/a

===2013: 400,000 === 
(IIED-13): 400,000 \\

===1999: 230,000 ===
(ILO-99): Employment: 90,000 - 370,000\\
Number of mines: 2,400 - 3,250\\
Illegal mines: 5% - 20% \\
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==== Publications ====
---- struct table ----
schema: biblio
cols: Reference, Year, Citation, Archived Copy, Link
sort: ^Year
csv: 0
filter : Countries = Pakistan 
----

==== Further Materials ====
Videos: \\
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL39E9D54A2D831E2B \\
\\
Articles: \\
https://pamirtimes.net/2017/11/10/breaking-taboos-shimshali-women-to-mine-gold/
\\
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==== Data section ====