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(IGF-18): Table 3

Directly working in ASM: 450,000
Estimated number of dependants: 2,700,000
Main Minerals: Gold

(HIL-16):

Directly working in ASM: 450,000
Estimated number of dependants: 2,700,000

(UBC-14): Gold-only data produced by statistic modelling:

Expected ASM population: 291,000 
Estimated ASM gold production: 1 t/a

(ILO-99): Employment: 440,000
Number of mines: 150
Illegal mines: > 95%

Reference	Year	Citation
ARM-18	2018	Barreto, M.L.,Schein, P., Hinton, J., Hruschka, F. (2018): The Impact of Small-Scale Mining Operations on Economies and Livelihoods in Low- to Middle-Income Countries. ARM, Envigado, PACT, Westcombe.
IGF-18	2018	IGF (2018): Global Trends in Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining (ASM): A review of key numbers and issues. IIED/IISD, London, Winnipeg.
GMA-18	2018	UNEP (2018): Global Mercury Assessment 2018. Technical Background Report E-Annex. Chapter 3.2. UNEP, Geneva.
AMDC-17	2017	AMDC (2017): ASM Sector Report. Selected countries policy profile review of ASM
HIL-16	2016	Hilson, G. (2016): Artisanal and small-scale mining and agriculture: Exploring their links in rural sub-Saharan Africa. IIED, London.
UBC-14	2014	Seccatore, J., Veiga, M., et al. (Univ. of British Columbia - UBC) (2014): An estimation of the artisanal small-scale production of gold in the world. Scitotenv. 496.
ILO-99	1999	Jennings, N. (1999): Social and labour issues in small-scale mines. Report for discussion at the Tripartite Meeting on Social and Labour Issues in Small-scale Mines. ILO, Geneva.

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