====== Myanmar ======

==== ASM Population: 525,000 ====
Excellent and recent data from Pact (MMR-2019a): \\
Total: 521,000 + adding 4,000 for artisanal oil drilling not covered in MMR-2019a -> **525,000** \\
Min/max:  **271,000 - 1,228,000** \\
Female participation: 10% -> **52,000** \\
Gold: **173,000** \\

==== Data sources for estimation ====

===2019 ===
(MMR-2019a):
  Pact has estimated 520,000 people directly employed in ASM, with a range between 270,000 and 1,200,000. 
  
  From Table 2:
                          High       Low    Median
  Gold:                693,500   104,025   173,375
  Gemstone:            423,000   151,200   276,750  (incl. Jade)
  Tin:                  32,000     4,000    20,000
  Other metals:         12,000     3,000     6,000
  Industrial minerals:  67,500     9,000    45,000
  TOTAL:             1,228,000   271,000   521,000
  
  Based on interviews, approximately 5 – 20% of the mining workforce in (legal) small-scale mines are women: within the informal sector this figure is estimated to be around 10%.
  Asked about the significance of female roles in the ASM community, 32% stated they were ‘essential’, 48% stated their role was ‘fair’, and the remainder didn’t know.

===2018 ===
Personal interviews with NRGI and MCBP: 200,000 gemstone miners, 200,000 tin miners \\
NatGeo: 5,000 oil miners

===2013 ===
Personal information by xxx during SAM Conference: 50,000 gold miner

===1999: 14,000 ===
(ILO-99): Employment: 14,000\\
Number of mines: 50 - 120\\
Illegal mines: +/- 5% \\
\\

==== Publications ====
---- struct table ----
schema: biblio
cols: Reference, Year, Citation, Archived Copy, Link
sort: ^Year
csv: 0
filter : Countries = Myanmar 
----

==== Further Materials ====
Videos: \\
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5858BDB1490B7C64 \\
\\
Articles: \\
https://www.macfilos.com/2020/12/18/under-threat-artisanal-oil-drilling-in-myanmar/ \\
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/131127-manual-oil-drilling-myanmar \\
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==== Data section ====