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--- country:madagascar [2022/04/13] – Felix Hruschka
+++ country:madagascar [2023/02/02] (current) – Felix Hruschka
@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 ==== ASM Population: 700,000 ====
 Total: Considering 600,000 gold miners as per GEF-21 (and up to 630,000 according to 2018 data) and taking into account the additional important gemstone mining, total ASM pupulation can be reasonably estimated as **700,000**\\
-Min/max: Data is recent and considered plausible. Variation therefore likely to be low (+/- 50,000) -> **650,000 - 750,000**\\
+Min/max: Although assessments are recent, MDG-2021a reports possible variations up to 1 million. Variation therefore likely high at max limit -> **650,000 - 1,000,000**\\
-Female participation: Based on the 2018 data of 37% women, and assuming that the percentage is similar in gemstone mining, the number of female miners is estimated in **260,000**.\\
+Female participation: Based on the 2018 data of 37% women (and assuming that the percentage is similar in gemstone mining) and MDG-2021a estimating between 1/3 and 1/2, and given the possible max value, the number of female miners is estimated as 50% of Total -> **350,000**.\\
-Gold: Assessed in GEF-21 as **600,000**\\
+Gold: Assessed in GEF-21 as **600,000** \\
 ==== Data sources for estimation ====
@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
   Gold produced (kg/year): 14,000
   Mercury released (kg/year): 18,000
+(MDG-2021a):
+  The artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) sector is an important source of income for rural populations but remains largely informal across Madagascar. It is therefore difficult to estimate both the jobs created by the sector and total production volumes. The 2014 mining policy estimates that one million people are employed in artisanal mining in Madagascar (Crawford and Nikièma 2015 citing 2014 Mining Policy). In 2011, the Ministry of Economy, Commerce, and Industry estimated that about 500,000 workers were involved in ASM, second only to agriculture (USGS 2015 citing Ministry of Economy, Commerce, and Industry, 2011). In 2015 an estimate of the Ministry of the Presidency in charge of Mines and Petroleum identified about one million workers working directly in the sector and it has been said to be the second largest provider of employment after agriculture in Madagascar (MMP 2018).
+  It is estimated that between a third (MEEF, 15; Raharison 2010, 43) and as much as half of those working in ASM are women (Lawson 2018, 172).
 ===2018: 631,000 ===
@@ Line 62: / Line 67: @@
 Articles: \\
+\\
+\\
+==== Data section ====
 ---- struct data ----
 asmdata.asm_c_code   : MDG
 asmdata.asm_c_name   : Madagascar
 asmdata.asm_status   : Existing (data assessed)
+asmdata.asm_count    : 1
 asmdata.asm_y_last   : 2021-01-01
 asmdata.asm_y_source : 2021-01-01
 asmdata.asm_miners_estimate : 700000
+asmdata.asgm_miners_estimate : 600000
+asmdata.asm_data_curation :
 asmdata.asm_devmin   : no
 asmdata.asm_miners_min : 650000
-asmdata.asm_miners_max : 750000
+asmdata.asm_miners_max : 1000000
-asmdata.asm_female   : 260000
+asmdata.asm_female   : 350000
-asmdata.asgm_miners_estimate : 600000
 asmdata.asm_commodity : gold, gemstones
 ----