====== Ghana ======

==== ASM Population: 1,200,000 ====
Min/Max/Total: DELVE-19 protracts data from HIL-16, but (reported?) gold production has significantly increased (from 4.1 tons in 2014 to 65 tons in 2021), **1,100,000** is considered as MIN, with MAX extrapolated as **1,300,000**. Total population estimate therefore somewhere in between, i.e. **1,200,000**\\
Female participation: "45–75% female miners" estimated as **600,000**. \\
Gold: As per GEF-21, 500,000 - 1,000,000. Dataset uses average of **750,000**.

==== Data sources for estimation ====

===2021: 500,000 - 1,000,000 ASGM ===
(GEF-21): 500,000 - 1,000,000 ASGM (only gold)
  People employed in ASGM: 500,000 - 1,000,000
  Gold produced (kg/year): 65,000
  Mercury released (kg/year): 43,000
  
===2019: 1,100,000 ===
DELVE-19: Country Profile Ghana 1,100,000
  ASM Employment: 1.1 million directly, 4.4 million indirectly 
  Female Miners: 45–75%
  Formalization: 70–80% informal 
  
  Materials mined by ASM
  • Gold: 1.135 million ounces (produced in 2016)
  • Diamond: 86,925 carats (exported in 2017)
  • Salt: 250,000 tons (average per year)

===2018: 1,100,000 ===
(IGF-18): Table 3
  Directly working in ASM: 1,100,000
  Estimated number of dependents: 4,400,000
  Main Minerals: Gold, Diamonds, Sand

===2016: 1,100,000 ===
(HIL-16): 
  Directly working in ASM: 1,100,000
  Estimated number of dependents: 4,400,000

===2014: 406,000 ===
(UBC-14): Gold-only data produced by statistic modelling: \\
  Expected ASM population: 406,000 
  Estimated ASM gold production: 4.1 t/a

===2013: 190,000 === 
(IIED-13): 180,000 - 200,000 \\

===2003: 200,000 ===
(MMSD-03):  Estimate for MMSD research country: **200,000**\\
MMSD study by G.Hilson (http://pubs.iied.org/pdfs/G00722.pdf)\\

===1999: 175,000 ===
(ILO-99): Employment: 50,000 - 300,000\\
Number of mines: 400 - 700\\
Illegal mines: 10% - 50% \\
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==== Publications ====
---- struct table ----
schema: biblio
cols: Reference, Year, Citation, Archived Copy, Link
sort: ^Year
csv: 0
filter : Countries = Ghana
----

==== Further Materials ====
Videos: \\
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL0BCCC9081242FA94 \\
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Articles: \\
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==== Data section ====