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country:albania [2023/08/31] – Felix Hruschkacountry:albania [2023/08/31] (current) – Felix Hruschka
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 ====== Albania ====== ====== Albania ======
  
-==== ASM Population: 700==== +==== ASM Population: 6,000==== 
-Baseline on chromite in 2009 reported **-> 700**. Own field visit in 2023 confirmed that ASM is ongoing.\\ +Baseline study on chromite in 2009 (ALB-2009a) reported 700 miners employed by approx 50 formal ASM/SSM chromite companies in Batra-Bulquiza. According to EITI 2020 the number of number of medium, small-scale mining and quarry companies is increasing. Deducting from EITI data, roughly 400 operative ASM/SSM licenses appear to exist. With the factor of 10+ miners per mine as per the 2009 study, this suggests approx. 5,000 formal ASM/SSM miners in all commodities. Additionally, according to media articles (see below), informal mining takes place in abandoned shafts, and women and children often work as mineral collectors on mine waste dumps. In case of chromite selling to informal aggregators ("pirates"). These considerations lead to an estimation of an overall formal and informal ASM/SSM population for all commodities of **-> 6,000** \\ 
-Min/max: as data is old, range is estimated as: **-> 500 - 1,000** \\ +Min/max: as above numbers are deducted and extrapolated, certainty is estimated as +/-30%: **-> 4,000 - 8,000** \\ 
-Female participation not reported in study from 2009. Own observation resulted in very few women at mine sites. Total possibly: **-> 100** \\+Female participation: in chromite: collecting at mine waste dumps and sorting; unknown for other commodities. Estimation -> **-> 1,000** \\
 Gold: no evidence: **-> none**\\ Gold: no evidence: **-> none**\\
 \\ \\
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 ==== Data sources for estimation ==== ==== Data sources for estimation ====
  
-===2023: Existing===  +===2023: existing ===    
-own observation: status "existing" confirmed  \\+Source: own observation \\
 \\ \\
  
-===2009: 700 === +===2020: 400+ operating ASM/SSM licenses===  
 +EITI: https://eiti.org/sites/default/files/attachments/eiti-draft-report-2017-2018.pdf: 
 + As a traditional mining country, Albania has an increasing number of medium, small-scale mining and quarry companies, and only a few large-scale industrial mining companies. In December 2018, AKBN reported approximately 600 mining licenses, out of which 165 licenses were reported as passive and not operating. \\ 
 +\\ 
 + 
 +===2011: informal sector exists===  
 +BalkanInsight: https://balkaninsight.com/2011/09/14/two-die-in-albania-mining-accident : 
 +  Abandoned mine shafts are often explored illegally in Albania to salvage chromium ore. 
 +  ... the head of Albania’s Federation of Trade Unions, told Balkan Insight in a recent interview that many local companies operate abandoned mine shafts illegally, while the authorities close their eyes toward their activities. 
 +\\ 
 +===2009: 700 in chromite === 
 (ALB-2009a): \\ (ALB-2009a): \\
   Chapter 2: ... exploitation by small scale mining operations active in the chromium sector is taking place ...   Chapter 2: ... exploitation by small scale mining operations active in the chromium sector is taking place ...
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 ==== Further Materials ==== ==== Further Materials ====
-Videos: \\+**Videos:** \\ 
 +\\ 
 +**Articles:** \\ 
 +Reuters 2021: https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/miner-takes-albanias-political-heavyweights-ballot-box-2021-04-23/ \\ 
 +World Vision 2017: https://www.wvi.org/article/chromes-shine-tarnished-child-labour-albania \\ 
 +A. Kronholm, VICE 2014: https://www.vice.com/en/article/exmbem/murder-misery-and-minors-in-albanias-mining-industry \\ 
  
-Articles: \\ 
  
 ---- struct data ---- ---- struct data ----
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 asmdata.asm_count    : 1 asmdata.asm_count    : 1
 asmdata.asm_y_last   : 2009-01-01 asmdata.asm_y_last   : 2009-01-01
-asmdata.asm_y_source : 2009-01-01 +asmdata.asm_y_source : 2023-01-01 
-asmdata.asm_miners_estimate : 700+asmdata.asm_miners_estimate : 6000
 asmdata.asgm_miners_estimate : 0 asmdata.asgm_miners_estimate : 0
-asmdata.asm_data_curation : as reported +asmdata.asm_data_curation : extrapolated 
-asmdata.asm_devmin   : no +asmdata.asm_devmin   : yes 
-asmdata.asm_miners_min : 500 +asmdata.asm_miners_min : 4000 
-asmdata.asm_miners_max : 1000 +asmdata.asm_miners_max : 8000 
-asmdata.asm_female   : 100 +asmdata.asm_female   : 1000 
-asmdata.asm_commodity : chromite+asmdata.asm_commodity : chromite, marble, construction materials
 ---- ----
  
  • country/albania.1693437064.txt.gz
  • Last modified: 2023/08/31
  • by Felix Hruschka